An essay is a small piece of writing, which is usually written from the personal point of view of the author. Essays have many elements like learned arguments, literary criticism, recollections, reflections of the author and political manifestos. The definition of an easy is very unclear; essays are a mixture of a short story and an article.

All the modern essays are mostly written in prose. The length usually defines an essay; the voluminous work of John Locke in ‘An Essay Concerning Human Understanding’ and Thomas Mathur’s work in ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population’ sets opposing examples.

Essays play a major part in formal education. To improve the writing skills of the secondary students, they are taught structured essays. Admissions essays are used by the universities as screening of the application process; it is a way to assess the performance of the student. There is also film essay, which includes the documentary filmmaking styles, and it focuses on the evolution of the theme or an idea. The photographic essay is a way to cover a topic with a series of pictures, and it is optional to have to a text or caption.

Some find it difficult to write an essay. Here are some simple and easy steps on how to write an essay.

Steps:

• Once you have selected the topic or are provided with a topic, the first thing you need to do is start the research. If you know nothing about the topic, you will not be able to write about it. To gather some knowledge about the topic, it is necessary to do research.
• Start searching about your topic on the internet. Try to get as much knowledge as possible about your topic. When you are doing research, keep a pen and paper with you, write down any interesting quotations that you come across.
• Once you have gathered sufficient information about the subject, you will also have to analyze the arguments of the essay. Define all the claims clearly; mention the reasons and the evidence. Make sure that you look out for strengths and logic. Learning how to write an essay becomes easier when you start analyzing the essays written by others.
• Your essay will also require some insight of your own; this is known as genuine essay writing brilliance. You should ask yourself many questions and try to answer them. Always try to come up with some original insight.
• Next step will be to write a thesis and you will have to come up with the best idea. Always remember that your thesis is the main point, which is summed up in a sentence that will let the reader know where you are going. It is not possible to write a good essay without a good thesis.
• Before you write the essay, make an outline. You should use only one line to describe the paragraphs, and use the bullet points to explain what each paragraph contains.
• Now you can start writing the essay. The introduction should be very effective; it should be able to grab the attention of the readers. The essay’s introduction is just a buildup to the entire issue; it is a ploy to get the reader involved with the essay’s argument. The first paragraph is the most important element of the essay. In the first paragraph, either you can hook your readers or loose their interest.
• When you make paragraphs, every paragraph should focus only on one idea.
• The next important step in the essay is conclusion; you should make a graceful exit. In the conclusion, you can add some thoughts or quotations or a twist to your logic.
• Once you are done with writing the essay, proofread it. Correct the grammar, check the spellings and check the sentence flow. Proofread it until it sounds correct. Now you are done with writing an essay.

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They use covering letter as a way of introducing themselves to the employers, also explaining their aptness for the desired position. Employers read the covering letters carefully as this is one method of scanning applications. The covering letter is divided in three different categories like the application letter, networking letter and the prospecting letter.

The covering letter is only one page divided into header, introduction, body and conclusion. Covering letter is also used for various other business documents like mortgage loans, proposals, contract drafts and executed documents. Many universities in the US require a covering letter with the admission application. Cover letters are a great way to catch the reader’s attention and persuade him to read more. Writing a cover letter is not difficult. Here are some easy steps on how to write a cover letter.

Things required:

• Envelopes
• Word processing software
• Laser or inkjet printers
• Resume software (optional)
• Resume paper

Steps:

• Look for a job posting, job tip or any job advertisement that is of your interest, and make sure that you are qualified enough for the position. Some busy employers get hundreds of applications, so make sure that your covering letter is impressive.
• Match the style of letterhead and paper that you are planning to use for your cover letter. This will create a great first impression.
• If you do not know the name of the person who receives your resume, do not write the salutation in such case. It is always better to address the letter to a particular person; call the company and ask for the employers name and title.
• Try to grab the reader’s attention; your covering letter should make him want to read more. Your covering letter must stand out from rest of the applications.
• In the first paragraph, you must mention how you came to know about this job and why are you interested in it.
• In the second and third paragraph, try to make a professional image. Highlight your important accomplishments and qualifications. Make sure that that you do not quote your resume verbatim.
• While writing the covering letter, mention points like what you can contribute to the organization instead of what you will gain from the organization. If you want, you can also discuss the covering letter in the interview.
• In the last paragraph, say that your resume will explain the qualifications, experience and the educational background. Request the employers for a personal interview.   
• Conclude the letter by saying that you are looking forward to hearing from the company, and restate again your excitement about this opportunity and your desire to learn more.
• Proofread your letter for any grammatical mistakes, you can also refer to stylebook if required.
• Now your letter is ready, you can print it or send a direct email to the employers.

Tips and Warnings:

• Before you start writing the cover letter, do a through research about the company. Then your letter can have some specifics about the company, stated as the reason for your interest in working there.
• Keep the cover letter short and precise. Most of the cover letter are of one page and have a standard business format.
• To highlight some of your accomplishments, use bullet points in the paragraph.
• Do not get personal or wordy in the cover letter. You can share the relevant anecdotes in the interview session.
• Do not brag about yourself. Confidence is very important, but do not overdo it.
• Always remember to not send a photocopied letter or use a form letter. This gives an impression to the employer that you are not interested in the job, and hence you could not write an original letter.  

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In the US and UK obituaries are a notable feature in the local newspapers. The newspaper, ‘The Economist’ publishes a full-page obituary every week; the obituary reflects the persons influence, life and on world history. The British Medical Journal allows the doctors to write their own obituaries for publication and it is published after their death. The publishers like Pan Books have a series called the ‘Daily Telegraph Book of Obituaries’, which consists of all the obituaries like obituary of sports persons, military persons, entertainers, heroes and many more.

Writing an obituary is not difficult. Here are some simple steps on how to write an obituary.

Steps:

• Before you start writing, check the newspaper to see if there is any restriction of length. Give the full name of the deceased person; you can also mention a nickname. Mention their age and the time of death. You should also write the reason of their death.
• Write all the important events of that person’s life; start with his/her birthplace. You should also mention things like childhood description, siblings, school friends and some interesting stories. Write the name of their college and the degrees earned by them. If the deceased person is married, write the name of his/her spouse, date of their wedding. Write about a few achievements, their hobbies, memorable stories and some unique things about that person.
• Make sure that you do now forget to acknowledge the survivors, including, children, parents and spouse.
• Mention the details of the funeral like the date, time and place of the funeral service.
• Conclude the obituary by thanking people or groups. You can add a poem or a quotation and add a few words to describe the life of the deceased person.
• Make sure that you time the obituary properly, so that it appears a few days prior to the memorial service.   

How to Write an Infant’s Obituary

Steps:

• Check the local newspapers’ requirements for obituaries. Enquire in the newspaper office when they need the obituary to publish it on the appropriate day.
• Ask the parents of the baby what information they want to put in the obituary. Ask them if they want a picture of baby in the obituary. Before giving the obituary for publishing, confirm the spelling of the baby’s name. Get all the required details for the obituary. Ask the parents if they want the memorial donations to go for a charity.
• Start the obituary with writing the baby’s name and the name of the city where the child died. Following this should be the birth date and the date of death, for an infant it can be stated as, “the child departed on the date.” If the baby had died due to some illness, you can write, “after a prolonged illness.”
• List the members of the infant’s family, start with parents, then you can add the names of the rest of the family members; write in the order of their closeness with infant like siblings, aunts, grandparents and so on. 

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A normal resume is a summary that is limited to one or two pages, which highlights the experience that the job seeker thinks is relevant. The CVs in the US academy are comparatively long.

Resumes are organized in different ways like:

• Reverse Chronological Resume: In this type of resume, the job experience of the candidate is mentioned in a reverse order; generally it covers the last 15 years. This is the most common format used.
• Functional Resume: In functional resume, the skills and the work experience are sorted according to the job or area of function. This form of resume puts emphasis on particular skill. If someone is planning to make a career change, this format of resumes works best.
• Combination Resume: In this resume, one can perfectly balance the chronological and functional approach. This resume usually repeats itself, and many people do not use it.

Writing a good resume is not difficult. Here are some simple and easy steps on how to write resume.

Steps:

• Start with writing a cover letter. Remember that the cover letter is not a synopsis of your resume. In the cover letter, you should introduce yourself and say why you are the best candidate for a particular job.
• Select a design for your resume. You can look for samples, which are specific to the job you are applying for; you should also have an outline. The outline of your resume must include work experience, references, objective and work experience.
• Your objective in the resume should be fit for your job. You can use bullet points to convey the information, and try to be clear and concise for the rest of the information you mention. Look at the job qualifications properly and highlight if you have similar skills as their requirement.
• You should use words like managed, implemented, prepared, directed, coordinated and monitored. If you do not have enough experience, then focus on your educational background.
• Mention your strengths and highlight them at opportune points in your resume. Make sure that you do not mention any negative points in the resume.

Tips and Warnings:

• The font size should not be less than 10 and the length of your resume should be two pages.
• Most of the companies select resumes on the basis of keyword. So, when you are writing your resume mention some keywords.

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The goals and audience determine the content and format of the business plan. A good business plan contains information on pursuing a goal. The preparation of a business plan usually draws a wide range of knowledge from other business disciplines like human resource management, supply chain management, operations management and many more. It is very helpful to look at a business plan as a collection of many sub plans, one for every main business discipline. A business plan has a specific format depending on its context of presentation. There are four types of business formats like elevator pitch, oral presentation, written presentation and integral operational plan.

Writing a business plan is not a difficult task. Here are some easy steps on how to write business plan.

Steps:

• Gather and organize all the information of your business plan. You will have to include information about your company, service or product, market, customers, potential risk and competition.
• Start writing an executive summary. This should be the first section of your plan. Make a two-page description covering all the possible details.
• Describe your company and write the purpose of your business. Make sure that you mention the skills you and your management team posses.
• Explain in detail your service or product. Give the details of how are you planning to make it or provide it to costumers. Analyze the total cost associated with this entire process. Make a list of your supply sources.
• Mention something about the market you are going to enter. Discuss some upcoming and general trends in the industry. Mention some of the details of the market segment you want to pursue, you target audience and explain some of the buying habits of the customers. Properly analyze your competition.
• In brief, give a description of your marketing plan. Explain the process of generating sales through public relations, promotion and advertising. Carefully estimate the overall cost. Give details of your yearly expenses.

Tips and Warnings:

• Before you start writing, gather all the information required for making an effective business plan. Organize your research in the form of a outline and then you can start writing.
• Do not make the plan too lengthy, you should limit your business plan to 50 pages. The lenders and investors get various business plans everyday. If your plan is short and interesting, the investors might look at it before discarding it.

Always remember that a business plan is a never-ending process. As your company grows, keep updating your business plan.

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The tool used for calligraphy is a pen, which is a round, or a flat nib pen. Calligraphy writing requires practice. Here are some easy steps on how to write calligraphy.

Things Required:

• chisel-pointed writing implement
• ink
• suitable paper
• brush

Steps:

• Get a chisel point writing implement. The basic objective of calligraphy is to make a broad stroke if the pen is held in only one way and to make a thin stroke if the pen is rotated. There are many options like:
  • Felt tip pens: they are convenient and do not leak.
  • Fountain pens: you can refill these pens and they are long lasting.
  • Steel point pens: you will have to put ink in it. Steel tip pens create fine details.
• Hold the calligraphy pen at a particular angle. The most common angle, which many people use in calligraphy, is 30 degrees, though if someone is using gothic script, they use 40 degrees and uncials uses 0 degrees angle.
• You will have to practice calligraphy a lot.
• The ink used in calligraphy pen should be water based one. When you go to buy the ink, read the bottle carefully; it will say what base it has.
• Take a good quality brush and dip it in the ink. Smear this ink on the back of your nib. Make sure that you do not dip the pen in ink, because it will cause blotchs on the paper.
• For drawing calligraphy, you will need a thick paper. If you are just practicing, an ordinary paper will also do. However, if it is a project then use a 120-gsm paper. This paper is easily available in any art store.
• Try to find a table angle where you will be comfortable to write. Many professional calligraphers use a drawing board, which is set at a comfortable angle. However, many prefer paper flat on the surface. You can try both the things and see which one suits you the best.
• Lightly, tape or tuck in your paper in a clip on your writing surface, so that it does not move when you are writing.

Tips and Warnings:

• Before you start writing, check if there are any slits in the paper. Slits tend to interfere with your strokes.
• If you want to draw some intricate embellishments, you will have to use a fine nib, make the outline of the letter, make the embellishments and then fill in the letter.
• Before lifting the pen of the paper, pause for a while. This will allow the ink to saturate in the paper and will give a clean and crisp look. 
• If writing in low-pressure conditions, do not use a fountain pen. For example, if you are writing in an airplane, then there are chances that it may leak.
• Always remember  not to lean on the pen.

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• Sentence outline: a sentence outline is written in full sentences and is written only when your subject focuses on complex details. The sentence outline is very important for complex subjects because complex topics have many details.
• Topic outline: In topic outline, there are only short phrases. It is useful when there are various issues in your subject, and it needs to be arranged properly.

When you are making an outline, there are four important points to be considered:

• Identify the Topic: the topic is very important, if possible, try to sum up the point of the subject in one phrase or sentence.
• Recognize the main categories: the introduction will explain the topic. The rest of the outline should focus on developing the different categories and explaining them.
• Make subcategories: after the main point, create some points under it, supporting the main point.

Writing an outline is not difficult. Here are some easy steps on how to write outline.

How to write a Book Outline

Steps:

• First, you will have to write your name and title on the first page. On the next page, make an outline for the table of contents. For a good book outline, a table of content is very important.
• Mention the name of chapter with two to three words describing the content of the chapter. If you are writing a non-fiction book, use subheading for every chapter.
• On a new page, make an outline for your introduction. Write the purpose of your book in the introduction.
• Write a small outline for every chapter. Add a main sentence from the chapter, which is followed by points that cover the major happenings in the chapter. You should add a concluding statement at the end of every chapter outline.
• At the end of the book outline, add a concluding statement. Make sure that every chapter in your book should have a concluding statement.

How to Write an Outline for Romance Novel

Steps:

• Before you start writing for your novel, do a detailed search for your romance novel. If you are planning to write a historic novel, then you will have do research on the customs, life and the cultures of that specific era.
• Do a detailed study of your story location, the background of the character. For a contemporary romance novel; you will need the hobbies and occupation of the subject.
• Divide your research in three parts according to your topic.
• List the major events of your novel, like the first time when the characters of your story met, problems, fight and struggle. Write down this list on a piece of paper.
• You will have to make another list of events, which are connected to the main events of the story. These events will be helpful in making subplots.
• Organize all the big and small events separately. A standard romance novel has a maximum of 20 chapters, with approximately 20 pages per chapter.
• Make a list of all the characters that appear in each chapter, the date and time of the event, and the location of every chapter. This will be helpful to you create an entire chapter as you write.
• Make small notes at the end of every chapter of what information you need to add or what scenes and character you will have to work on.

After you have made an outline, go through every chapter and make sure that there is a purpose in that chapter. The purpose helps in advancing to the main plot; it gives information about characters. It can also help in setting up a scene for the upcoming event.

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The invitation letter generally includes two tenses, present tense and future tense. The present tense is to pass on the message and the future tense is to confirm that the person is going to be present at event. An invitation letter expresses volumes about the event; your invites convey the correct message before you send you invitations. A professional invites can encourage the invitee to attend the event, even if they want to skip it. If you want to write an invitation letter, then just follow the procedure mentioned below.

Procedure:

• Before you begin with the invitation letter, settle on a tone, voice and stage of formality, depending on the occasion itself. This will explain whether you need to write the invitation or have to print them, or whether you should select the preprinted or modified invitation.

• Select the style for your invites, and get more letters than you think you will require. This will allow you to invite some more guests for your party at the last minute, if required. You can make hand-written summons for small events on blank cards. For big occasion, you will have to order printed invitations.

• The language of the invitation is dependent on the stage of formality. An official invitation might state, ‘Mr. and Mrs. David appeal the pleasure of your company’, while an informal invitation might state, ‘please join us’.
• Write the name of the host of the party, address, date, time, and purpose of the party, even if you are organizing a small get-together.

• Write the RSVP details at the bottom of the invitation card, for example, ‘RSVP’ followed by host’s contact detail.

• Insert a respond-by date on the official invitation, so that you can receive a correct head count in time to regulate the quantity of food, place orders for the arrangement and the size of room. If you are making an invitation for a wedding, charity, or other official events, then include a reply card and a stamped; mention your address on the envelope of the invitation.

• Send your invitations at least four weeks before the event, five weeks before for some official occasion and two month before a wedding ceremony, so that the guests get their reservation ticket easily. If you are organizing some event in the December vacations, then mail your invitations before Thanksgiving.

Tips and Warnings:

• Employ the type of RSVP technique, which suits the event best, a reply card for a head count, contact details or your e-mail id, if your invitees have e-mail addresses.

• If you are organizing a big event, then be ready to welcome the guest who didn’t respond to your invitation. Some non-responders might turn up for event.

• If you are throwing a formal party, then it is suggested that you use printed invitation letter. They can save your time and will give a good impression about your event to your guests. For casual events, you can use social planning Web sites like www.evite.com, to send online invitations.

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• Online dating: this kind of dating employs particularly targeted Websites to meet interesting people.

• Mobile dating: in this methods people text messages to each others to show interest in each other. Mobile dating is usually based on online dating.
• Blind dating: in this system, people concerned have not met each other before. The match can be organized by friends, relatives or any dating system.
• Single event: in this event, groups of singles come together to participate in various events for the purposes of meeting different people. Events can comprise of things like, parties, games, workshops. In this tutorial you will learn how to write a dating profile.

Procedure:

• First of all, investigate about your competition. If you know your rivals, you will be able to create a unique profile. It will also help you to avoid terrible mistakes, like meeting too desperate or clingy people. Go through the examples, both good and bad, which are given on your selected websites.  Research various sites, it will provide you a better picture of the dating set up, as well as chosen terminology.

• You can mimic the profile which grabs your attention. You can include some stuff from others profile; it can give an additional touch to your own dating profile.

• To add interest, use a vivacious headline. Write headlines which will give strong impression about you to others. You can also write dynamic things about yourself, which will make your profile outstanding, like smart, easy going, like to have fun, etc.   Create humorous questions, or bold scrutiny in your headlines, it will help you to grab the attention you want for your dating profile.  You can write your profile in bold letters and large fonts.

• Write all your positive qualities in your profile. Do not lie about yourself, but there is nothing wrong in highlighting the best features of your personality. You can also write about your recent relationship, breakups and job loss, it will gain sympathy for you.

• Give a dynamic impression of what you have to offer. Always keep in mind that explaining events is much better than just mentioning facts. For example, describe briefly about your last paragliding tour is always better than just saying you love adventure.

• Be careful while writing a dating profile. If you write a sloppy dating profile, then it will make you look immature and unprepared. The time you spend in creating the profile will prove worthwhile when you will meet that special person. You can ask your close friend to check your profile and give his/her feedback; it will help you to confirm the quality of your work.

Tips and Warnings:

• If you want you can include an appealing picture of yours in your dating profile, it will generate greater interest. Do not use misleading images as your dishonesty can taint your integrity.

You can take advice of both, your male or female friends; it will help you to enhance your dating profile and its appeal.

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The important and rewarding division of the education is gathering, interpreting, developing, documenting, organizing ideas, communicating, and concluding them properly. You should also have some positive viewpoint and ability to complete your research paper. Writing term or research paper is not only about knowledge, these points are the secret of writing excellent research papers.

The steps in a writing research paper are selecting a theme or subject, finding information, explaining theory or notion, creating a tentative outline, arranging notes,   making the draft, amending the outlines, and finally writing the final paper.  While choosing the subject for research paper, select something which is interesting and challenging. Avoid subjects which are too technical and those that have restricted range of references. To find information about your research paper, you can take material from library, such as atlases, almanacs, encyclopedia, magazines, catalogs, dictionaries and newspaper.

You can also search on internet for online resources. Write complete bibliographical information in your research paper, like writer’s name, name of the book, place, date of publication, page numbers etc.  Any research work is useless without bibliography, as it cannot state its sources.  In this tutorial you will learn how to write a research paper.

Things required:

• Printer Paper
• Word-processing Software
• Notebooks
• Palm Handheld Organizers
• Dictionaries
• Stress Relief Products
• Computers
• Bibliography Software
• Thesauri
• Writing Style Manuals
• Personal Organizers
• Printers
• Desk Lamps
• Highlighter Pens
• Index Cards
• Notebooks

Procedure:

• Select a subject to write research paper. Subject should be wide enough to be appealing and constricted enough to be manageable.

• Now, find the sources. Search five to six sources; examine their bibliographies to find additional resources or references. Repeat this procedure until you find enough material to write your research paper.

• Keep one index card for every source. Write the bibliographic information for the source on their index card, and put a number on every index card for simplicity of future orientation.

• Go through your reading notes and index cards; write down only those materials which are applicable to research paper. Put down the reference number on every index card.

• Arrange the index cards by subject and subtopic. You can use your index cards as a basis of the outline.

• Write an interesting introduction, which will capture the attention of the reader and plot out the course of your argument.

• Now, write the body of your research paper, follow the arrangement which you have created in the outline. Ensure to quote sources.

• At the end of your research write conclusion, evaluating on what basis you have explained your point.

• Decide a title for your project, once you have written your research paper.

• Go through you work again, just to make sure that your description makes sense and is presented rationally.

• Do proofreading properly; teachers do not like typographical mistakes. To avoid mistakes, you can use word processor’s spelling checker.

Tips and Warnings:

• Start working on your project work as soon as possible. Do not leave it for last minute. You can also use bibliography software to help direct you to sources. Use a style guide, like MLA (Modern Language Association) guidebook of style, for information on reference of sources.

• To write an excellent research paper, you can also join a class on writing research projects.

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